Century

19th Century BCE

What happened in the 19th Century BCE.

Catastrophic Flooding at Mohenjo-Daro DisasterCatastrophic Flooding at Mohenjo-Daroc. 1900 BCE · Mohenjo-Daro, Sindh, PakistanDevastating floods from the Indus River repeatedly buried and destroyed layers of Mohenjo-Daro, signaling the decline of the urban phase.Battle of Spion Kop WarBattle of Spion KopJanuary 24, 1900 · Natal, South AfricaBritish forces suffer a disastrous defeat against Boer commandos in the Second Boer War.Battle of Adwa: Ethiopian Victory Over Italy WarBattle of Adwa: Ethiopian Victory Over ItalyMarch 1, 1896 · Adwa, EthiopiaEmperor Menelik II decisively defeats Italian forces, securing Ethiopian sovereignty against colonial encroachment.Start of the Cuban War of Independence WarStart of the Cuban War of IndependenceFebruary 24, 1895 · CubaJosé Martí and Máximo Gómez launch a coordinated uprising against Spanish colonial rule in Cuba.Launch of La Solidaridad PoliticsLaunch of La SolidaridadFebruary 15, 1889 · Barcelona, Spain (Philippine context)Filipino reformists launch a newspaper advocating for equal rights and representation within the Spanish Empire.Morant Bay Rebellion WarMorant Bay RebellionOctober 11, 1865 · Morant Bay, JamaicaPaul Bogle leads a revolt against racial injustice and economic hardship in British-ruled Jamaica.The Indian Rebellion of 1857 Begins WarThe Indian Rebellion of 1857 BeginsMay 10, 1857 · Meerut, IndiaIndian sepoys mutiny against the British East India Company, sparking a widespread uprising across northern India.Chilean Constitution of 1823 and Conservative Turn PoliticsChilean Constitution of 1823 and Conservative TurnAugust 1823 · Santiago, ChileChile adopts a new constitution that attempts to balance liberal ideals with strong executive power.Independence of Brazil Declared PoliticsIndependence of Brazil DeclaredSeptember 7, 1822 · São Paulo, BrazilPrince Pedro I declares Brazil's independence from Portugal near the Ipiranga River.Greek War of Independence Begins WarGreek War of Independence BeginsMarch 25, 1821 · Peloponnese, GreeceGreek revolutionaries rise against Ottoman rule, initiating a war that leads to the creation of modern Greece.Simón Bolívar's Crossing of the Andes WarSimón Bolívar's Crossing of the AndesJune 1819 · Andes Mountains, Colombia/Venezuela BorderBolivar leads his army over the frozen Andes to launch a surprise attack on Spanish forces in New Granada.Uva-Wellassa Rebellion Against British Rule PoliticsUva-Wellassa Rebellion Against British RuleMarch 1817 · Kandy, Sri LankaSinhalese chieftains lead a widespread uprising against British colonial expansion in the central highlands.Congress of Tucumán Declares Argentine Independence PoliticsCongress of Tucumán Declares Argentine IndependenceJuly 9, 1816 · San Miguel de Tucumán, ArgentinaDelegates from the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata formally declare independence from Spain.Shaka Zulu Unifies the Zulu Kingdom PoliticsShaka Zulu Unifies the Zulu Kingdomc. 1816 · Natal, Southern AfricaShaka Zulu establishes a centralized military state through innovative tactics and ruthless consolidation of Nguni clans.Cry of Dolores: Mexican War of Independence Begins PoliticsCry of Dolores: Mexican War of Independence BeginsSeptember 16, 1810 · Dolores Hidalgo, MexicoMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla issues a call to arms against Spanish rule, igniting the Mexican War of Independence.Declaration of Haitian Independence PoliticsDeclaration of Haitian IndependenceJanuary 1, 1804 · Gonaïves, Saint-DomingueJean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims the independence of Haiti, establishing the first black republic in history.